Yes, you can rub or dry brine ribs in a frozen state but the impact will be lessened. The good news is that ribs thaw very quickly. Unwrap them, put them on papers or foil on the counter and let them sit at room temperature for an hour or two -- no more. Wipe off excess moisture before adding the rub or brine, then refrigerate until you're ready to cook them.
I keep my stock of ribs in my deep freeze and thaw racks as needed. They're usually 2/3rds thawed out in two hours on my marble countertop. Usually, I do this the day before I'm cooking because I don't dry brine and avoid rubs until just before the cook to cut down on the skin effect the salt causes.
Hub